What is month-end close?
Accruals, prepayments and closing entries so the month is finished, not just recorded.
Reconciled transactions are not a closed period. A business can have every bank and card feed matched and coded and still not be "closed" in the sense a CPA or a lender means it — closing means the accrual entries are posted, the balance sheet tells the truth about what is owed, and the period cannot be quietly reopened next week. A lot of businesses run bookkeeping without ever running a close: transactions get coded as cash moves, and the books call that "done" for the month. Nothing is missing, but revenue collected in January for a service delivered through June is still sitting as January revenue.
The close is where three things get fixed that reconciliation alone never touches. Accrued liabilities — a vendor invoice for October work that arrives in November — get pulled back into the period they belong to instead of hitting whichever month the bill happened to land. Prepaid expenses — an annual insurance premium paid in March — get spread across the twelve months it actually covers instead of front-loading one month's P&L with a year of cost. Deferred revenue — cash collected for a subscription or retainer not yet delivered — gets held on the balance sheet as a liability and released to revenue only as the obligation is fulfilled. Skip these three and the monthly P&L is a cash-flow statement wearing an accrual costume.
Why it matters
| Without a system | With CapEasy |
|---|---|
| Month-end arrives whenever someone gets to it | Books closed on a fixed date, in the same shape every month |
| Unexplained transactions pile up in a suspense account until year-end | Every account reconciled to the statement, with discrepancies explained not plugged |
| Your accountant bills you to fix bookkeeping before they can do their own work | A short questions list instead of a year-end archaeology project |
| You cannot answer "how did we do last month" without a week of digging | Whoever files opens a finished file |
What we need from you
Financial
- Bank and card statements
- Sales invoices
- Supplier bills
- Expense receipts
- Payroll summaries
- Loan statements
System
- Chart of accounts
- Opening balances
- Accounting software access (read/write, least privilege)
- Multi-currency details if applicable
Context
- Prior period financial statements
- Your accountant’s coding preferences
- Anything unusual we should expect
How it runs, step by step
- Transaction recording & classification
- Daily transaction entry
- Revenue and expense categorisation
- Capital vs operating classification
- Ledger & trial balance
- General ledger review
- Sub-ledger reconciliation
- Chart of accounts restructuring
- Reconciliation
- Monthly bank and card reconciliation
- Discrepancy investigation, with a written explanation
- Multi-account and multi-entity reconciliation
- Catch-up & clean-up
- Working back from the last clean period
- An honest read on how far back the records support
- Rebuilding to current
Who does what
| Your CapEasy team | Month-end close, the reconciliations and reporting behind it, and the questions list that keeps it honest. |
| Your CPA or enrolled agent | Everything that carries a licence in United States — rendered exactly as written: issue compilation, review or audit reports — those are restricted to licensed cpa firms. |
| You | One conversation with one named person, and the decisions that are genuinely yours. |
Month-end close in United States
ASC 606 and why deferred revenue cannot be recognized on receipt
Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied, not when cash arrives. A business that collects a $12,000 annual retainer in January and books it all as January revenue has overstated one period and understated the other eleven. The close is where that cash sits as a deferred revenue liability and releases on a schedule tied to actual delivery.
The matching principle — why accrual-basis close still matters on a cash-basis return
Many small businesses file their federal return on a cash basis, which the IRS permits for qualifying entities. That election governs the return; it does not mean the internal books should be cash-basis too. GAAP's matching principle — expenses recognized in the period that generated the related revenue — is what makes month-to-month numbers comparable. We close to accrual regardless of which basis the CPA elects for the return.
UAA s.14(a) — a close package is not an opinion
A disciplined monthly close, however rigorous, is not a compilation, review, or audit under the Uniform Accountancy Act s.14(a) — those reports, and the opinion attached to them, are restricted to a licensed CPA firm. The reporting package we deliver at close is internal-use financial information; a bank or investor needing an attached opinion is a separate engagement with your CPA.
ASC 842 and recurring lease entries at close
A business with an operating or finance lease carries a right-of-use asset and a lease liability under ASC 842, and both need a recurring amortization entry each close, not a one-time booking at signing. Missing this is one of the more common reasons a balance sheet drifts out of GAAP consistency over a year without anyone noticing until the CPA asks.
What your CPA or enrolled agent receives from us
- A closing trial balance for the period, with every account balance explained, not just reconciled to a bank statement.
- A completed close checklist showing which standing entries were posted, in what order, and by whom.
- Accrual journal entries for the period, with the source documentation — the vendor invoice, the contract, the timesheet — attached to each.
- A prepaid expense amortization schedule showing the remaining balance and monthly release for every prepaid item on the books.
- A deferred revenue schedule (or waterfall) showing what was collected, what was recognized this period, and what remains deferred.
- An accrued liabilities schedule for anything owed but not yet invoiced or paid as of the close date.


