What is construction and trades?
Job costing, retentions and progress claims kept straight.
Construction bookkeeping runs on a different unit than most businesses: the job, not the month. A contractor doesn't ask 'did we make money in July' first — they ask 'did job #4417 make money,' and every invoice, timesheet, and material receipt has to land on the right job and cost code (labor, material, subcontract, equipment) before that question is answerable. A ledger that only tracks income and expense company-wide looks fine until bid season, when nobody can tell which job types actually carry margin.
Retainage is the line item that trips up books built for any other industry. General contractors and owners typically hold back 5–10% of each progress billing until substantial completion or final acceptance, so that money is real and collectible — it just isn't due on normal terms. Books that lump it into ordinary accounts receivable either overstate what's collectible this month or lose track of it once the job wraps. It needs its own schedule, tracked contract by contract, with a release condition attached.
Who does what
| Your CapEasy team | Construction and trades, the reconciliations and reporting behind it, and the questions list that keeps it honest. |
| Your CPA or enrolled agent | Everything that carries a licence in United States — rendered exactly as written: issue compilation, review or audit reports — those are restricted to licensed cpa firms. |
| You | One conversation with one named person, and the decisions that are genuinely yours. |
Construction and trades in United States
Percentage-of-completion and IRC §460
Long-term construction contracts generally recognize revenue under the percentage-of-completion method for tax purposes, though contractors under the average-annual-gross-receipts threshold set by IRC §460 (indexed for inflation) may qualify for exceptions, including the completed-contract or cash method. We keep the cost-to-date and estimated-total-cost figures that any of these methods needs current in the job cost ledger; your CPA determines which method the company qualifies for and applies it on the return.
Retainage and state prompt-payment law
Retainage percentages, timing, and release conditions are governed partly by the contract and partly by state prompt-payment statutes, which vary — some states cap the retainage percentage or set maximum hold periods after substantial completion. We track retainage receivable and payable against each contract's actual terms and flag amounts that look ready for release; whether a hold period or percentage is compliant with the relevant state statute is a question for your attorney, not something we determine.
Lien waivers and mechanics lien exposure
A mechanics lien filed by an unpaid subcontractor or supplier can attach to the property regardless of whether the general contractor already paid up the chain, which is why lien waivers exist — conditional or unconditional, partial or final, timed to whether payment has actually cleared. We track waiver status against every payment in the subcontractor ledger so nothing goes out unrecorded; reviewing waiver language or advising on lien rights themselves is legal work outside a bookkeeping engagement.
Davis-Bacon certified payroll
Federal and federally assisted construction contracts over the statutory threshold require weekly certified payroll reporting (Form WH-347 or an equivalent) showing each worker's classification, hours, and prevailing wage rate. We stage the wage and hours data from timesheets and payroll runs in the format that report needs; the certification itself is signed by your authorized company representative attesting to its accuracy, not by us.
What your CPA or enrolled agent receives from us
- Job-cost ledger by job number and cost code (labor, material, subcontract, equipment) reconciled to the general ledger each month
- WIP schedule — percentage complete, cost to date, billed to date, and over/underbilling by job — formatted for a bank or surety review
- Retainage receivable and retainage payable schedules tracked to each contract's release terms, separate from ordinary AR aging
- AIA-style pay application backup (schedule of values) tied line-by-line to the job cost detail behind each billing
- Subcontractor ledger with W-9 on file and lien waiver status (conditional/unconditional, partial/final) recorded against every payment
- Certified payroll wage and hours data staged for Davis-Bacon jobs, cross-checked against the applicable prevailing wage determination


