United StatesServices Industries we knowConstruction and trades

Industries we know

Construction and trades for US businesses

Job costing, retentions and progress claims kept straight.

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What is construction and trades?

Job costing, retentions and progress claims kept straight.

Construction bookkeeping runs on a different unit than most businesses: the job, not the month. A contractor doesn't ask 'did we make money in July' first — they ask 'did job #4417 make money,' and every invoice, timesheet, and material receipt has to land on the right job and cost code (labor, material, subcontract, equipment) before that question is answerable. A ledger that only tracks income and expense company-wide looks fine until bid season, when nobody can tell which job types actually carry margin.

Retainage is the line item that trips up books built for any other industry. General contractors and owners typically hold back 5–10% of each progress billing until substantial completion or final acceptance, so that money is real and collectible — it just isn't due on normal terms. Books that lump it into ordinary accounts receivable either overstate what's collectible this month or lose track of it once the job wraps. It needs its own schedule, tracked contract by contract, with a release condition attached.

Who does what

Your CapEasy teamConstruction and trades, the reconciliations and reporting behind it, and the questions list that keeps it honest.
Your CPA or enrolled agentEverything that carries a licence in United States — rendered exactly as written: issue compilation, review or audit reports — those are restricted to licensed cpa firms.
YouOne conversation with one named person, and the decisions that are genuinely yours.

Construction and trades in United States

Percentage-of-completion and IRC §460

Long-term construction contracts generally recognize revenue under the percentage-of-completion method for tax purposes, though contractors under the average-annual-gross-receipts threshold set by IRC §460 (indexed for inflation) may qualify for exceptions, including the completed-contract or cash method. We keep the cost-to-date and estimated-total-cost figures that any of these methods needs current in the job cost ledger; your CPA determines which method the company qualifies for and applies it on the return.

Retainage and state prompt-payment law

Retainage percentages, timing, and release conditions are governed partly by the contract and partly by state prompt-payment statutes, which vary — some states cap the retainage percentage or set maximum hold periods after substantial completion. We track retainage receivable and payable against each contract's actual terms and flag amounts that look ready for release; whether a hold period or percentage is compliant with the relevant state statute is a question for your attorney, not something we determine.

Lien waivers and mechanics lien exposure

A mechanics lien filed by an unpaid subcontractor or supplier can attach to the property regardless of whether the general contractor already paid up the chain, which is why lien waivers exist — conditional or unconditional, partial or final, timed to whether payment has actually cleared. We track waiver status against every payment in the subcontractor ledger so nothing goes out unrecorded; reviewing waiver language or advising on lien rights themselves is legal work outside a bookkeeping engagement.

Davis-Bacon certified payroll

Federal and federally assisted construction contracts over the statutory threshold require weekly certified payroll reporting (Form WH-347 or an equivalent) showing each worker's classification, hours, and prevailing wage rate. We stage the wage and hours data from timesheets and payroll runs in the format that report needs; the certification itself is signed by your authorized company representative attesting to its accuracy, not by us.

What your CPA or enrolled agent receives from us

  • Job-cost ledger by job number and cost code (labor, material, subcontract, equipment) reconciled to the general ledger each month
  • WIP schedule — percentage complete, cost to date, billed to date, and over/underbilling by job — formatted for a bank or surety review
  • Retainage receivable and retainage payable schedules tracked to each contract's release terms, separate from ordinary AR aging
  • AIA-style pay application backup (schedule of values) tied line-by-line to the job cost detail behind each billing
  • Subcontractor ledger with W-9 on file and lien waiver status (conditional/unconditional, partial/final) recorded against every payment
  • Certified payroll wage and hours data staged for Davis-Bacon jobs, cross-checked against the applicable prevailing wage determination

Questions worth asking before you start

Who actually does the work — a person or an AI tool?

A named person on our team owns your file and reviews everything that leaves it. Software does a real share of the grinding underneath it — coding, matching, flagging the obvious gaps — but nothing regulated happens without a person’s judgement, and nothing here is signed or filed by an algorithm.

Is there a filing or lodging step here?

No — construction and trades is operational work inside your books, not something submitted to IRS. Where a filing does sit downstream of it, inside industries we know more broadly, that stays with your CPA or enrolled agent, never with us.

Which software do you work in?

Whatever you already run. Most commonly QuickBooks, Xero, NetSuite, Sage, Zoho Books and a handful of others — we work inside your system rather than moving you onto one of our own.

How does this actually start?

A short, free read-only look at what you already have, and a written note on what we found. A scoping call decides the size of the engagement — nothing here commits you to anything.

What does it cost?

There is no published price for construction and trades — it depends on volume, how many entities are involved, and how far behind the books are. We quote after the read-only review, which is free.

How does this fit with the rest of industries we know?

Construction and trades sits inside industries we know, alongside Ecommerce, SaaS and software, Professional services. Most clients end up buying the category as a whole rather than one leaf at a time, but starting narrow is fine.

Who decides which revenue recognition method — percentage-of-completion, completed-contract, or cash — our company uses for tax purposes?

Your CPA does, based on the average-annual-gross-receipts test under IRC §460 and the type of contracts you run. We keep the cost-to-date and estimated-total-cost data current in the job cost ledger so whichever method applies has clean numbers behind it.

Do you decide when retainage gets released?

No. Release depends on the contract terms and, in some states, prompt-payment statutes. We track the retainage schedule against each contract and flag amounts that look ready to bill or collect — the release decision and any dispute over it is between you and the other party.

Can you tell us whether we owe sales tax on materials for a job in another state?

No, that's a taxability and nexus determination that varies by state and belongs to your tax advisor. We tag job costs by state and by material versus labor so the data is ready when that determination needs to be made.

What's actually in the WIP schedule you build for our bank?

Percentage complete, cost incurred to date, amount billed to date, and the resulting overbilling or underbilling, shown job by job across every open contract. It's built from the same job cost ledger we maintain monthly, not a separate estimate.

Do you collect lien waivers from our subcontractors?

We track waiver status — conditional, unconditional, partial, or final — against every payment in the subcontractor ledger, and flag any subcontractor missing one before the next payment. Reviewing waiver language or advising on lien rights is legal work we don't perform.

Can you complete our Davis-Bacon certified payroll report?

We prepare the wage and hours backup from the payroll data each week. The certification itself is signed by your authorized company representative attesting to its accuracy — that signature isn't something we provide.

Do you tell us if a subcontractor should actually be classified as an employee?

No, worker classification is a legal and tax determination outside a bookkeeping engagement. We track payment history and job assignments for whoever — your attorney or CPA — makes that call.

How do you allocate equipment and overhead costs across our jobs?

On a documented basis tied to actual use — equipment hours or days logged against each job, for example — rather than assigning shared costs entirely to whichever job happens to be open when the bill arrives.

What happens in the books when a job runs over budget mid-project?

The job profitability report flags the variance at the cost-code level — labor running over, a material overrun, whatever it is — as soon as the actuals post, so it's visible while the job is still open rather than discovered at closeout.

Do you set our progress billing schedule of values?

No, the schedule of values comes from the contract and your project manager's assessment of completion by cost category. We tie the job cost detail to whatever schedule you're billing against so the pay application backup reconciles.

Your CapEasy experts

Connect with us

Talk to the people who handle this work every day — no call centre, no hand-offs.

Ayush Joshi

Ayush Joshi

Co-Founder

Ex-OYO and Tenaciousfly. 7+ years in business development, strategic acquisitions, financing and debt syndication.

Aditya Jain

Aditya Jain

Co-Founder

Ex-Bank of America. 4+ years in investment banking, EU & Indian compliances, ESG compliances, and project management.

Manav Raval

Virtual CFO & Tax Specialist

Section 80-IAC, tax planning and startup compliance. Previously at Toyota Motor Corporation and Jaguar Land Rover.

Ayush Faldu

Virtual CFO & Tax Specialist

Financial strategy, budgeting and cash flow — a CFO’s judgement, monthly.

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