What is professional services?
WIP, utilisation and billing that reflects what was actually delivered.
A professional services firm — law, consulting, engineering, architecture, agency work — sells time and judgment, and its books have to track both. The core mechanic is work in progress: hours logged against a matter or project that haven't been billed yet, sitting as an asset on paper long before they're cash. A firm that doesn't keep WIP current discovers a month too late that a team has been working unbilled for weeks on an engagement nobody flagged as over-budget.
Utilisation and realization are the two numbers that tell a partner or principal how the firm is actually doing, and neither comes from the general ledger — both come from time data. Utilisation is billable hours against available hours per person; realization is what actually gets billed and collected against the standard rate, after write-downs for scope creep or a partner who under-bills out of habit. A firm can look profitable on a P&L and still be bleeding margin project by project if nobody's tying time entries back to what was actually invoiced.
Who does what
| Your CapEasy team | Professional services, the reconciliations and reporting behind it, and the questions list that keeps it honest. |
| Your CPA or enrolled agent | Everything that carries a licence in United States — rendered exactly as written: issue compilation, review or audit reports — those are restricted to licensed cpa firms. |
| You | One conversation with one named person, and the decisions that are genuinely yours. |
Professional services in United States
Client trust accounting is the firm's own regulated obligation
For a law firm, IOLTA and general trust account rules are set state by state, typically modeled on ABA Model Rule 1.15 — client funds held separate from operating funds, a ledger maintained per client, and a three-way reconciliation (bank balance, book balance, client ledger total) performed regularly. This is the firm's own regulated function under its state bar, not bookkeeping we're licensed to perform on the firm's behalf. We keep the trust ledger data clean and reconciliation-ready; the firm's own responsible attorney or accountable principal owns the reconciliation itself.
Revenue recognition on time-based and fixed-fee work — ASC 606
Professional services revenue sits inside ASC 606's five-step model: identifying the performance obligation, determining whether it's satisfied over time or at a point, and measuring progress for percentage-of-completion billing. Whether a fixed-fee engagement recognizes ratably, on milestones, or on cost-to-cost progress is a judgment call the firm's CPA makes and documents — we tie WIP, unbilled time, and billing data to whatever method is in place, we don't select it.
Unbilled WIP and its tax-year treatment
For a cash-basis firm, unbilled WIP has no tax effect until it's billed and collected; for an accrual-basis firm, WIP timing can matter for taxable income depending on the entity's method. Which method applies, and how WIP feeds the return, is the CPA's determination — we keep the WIP ledger accurate and current so that determination is made against real numbers.
Multi-state and multi-office complications
A firm with offices or partners licensed in more than one state can face separate trust account rules per jurisdiction, and separate state apportionment questions for the CPA preparing the firm's return. We track WIP, billing, and time data at the entity level the firm needs — by office, practice group, or partner — so the CPA has the segmentation the apportionment work requires without reconstructing it from raw timesheets.
What your CPA or enrolled agent receives from us
- A current WIP schedule broken out by matter, project, or engagement, aged against the date hours were logged
- Time-entry data reconciled to the time-and-billing system (Clio, PracticePanther, Deltek, BQE Core, or the firm's own) before it hits the books
- A monthly realization report: standard rate value of logged hours versus what was actually billed and collected, by timekeeper
- Trust ledger data reconciled and reconciliation-ready — bank, book, and per-client ledger balances lined up — for the firm's responsible attorney to sign off
- Unbilled and billed-not-collected aging, flagged by age band before a stalled invoice becomes a write-off decision
- Fixed-fee and milestone tracking tied to whatever percentage-of-completion schedule the CPA has set for revenue recognition


