What is nonprofits?
Restricted-fund tracking and reporting a board and a funder both accept.
A 501(c)(3) organization's books answer to three audiences at once — the board treasurer who has to explain the cash position at Thursday's meeting, the grant officer who wants to see restricted dollars spent on exactly what the award letter said, and the CPA who turns the year's activity into a Form 990 the IRS and every donor with a browser can read. Those three readers need the same ledger to say different things, which is why fund accounting exists: net assets split into "with donor restrictions" and "without donor restrictions" under ASC 958, so a board can see what's actually free to spend versus what's earmarked and can't be touched until a condition is met.
The calendar runs on the grant cycle more than the fiscal year. A federal or foundation award arrives with its own reporting dates — quarterly, semiannual, or a final acquittal at close-out — and each one wants expenses coded to that grant's budget lines, not just to the org's chart of accounts. A grant acquittal built from a general ledger that never tagged transactions to the award is a week of forensic reconstruction; one built from a ledger that tagged every transaction as it happened is a export. We do the tagging as the year runs, so the acquittal is a report, not a project.
Who does what
| Your CapEasy team | Nonprofits, the reconciliations and reporting behind it, and the questions list that keeps it honest. |
| Your CPA or enrolled agent | Everything that carries a licence in United States — rendered exactly as written: issue compilation, review or audit reports — those are restricted to licensed cpa firms. |
| You | One conversation with one named person, and the decisions that are genuinely yours. |
Nonprofits in United States
Restricted vs. unrestricted, and who decides when a restriction releases
ASC 958 (from FASB's ASU 2016-14 nonprofit reporting overhaul) splits net assets into "with donor restrictions" and "without donor restrictions" — no more of the old three-bucket temporarily/permanently split. We code every gift and grant to the correct net-asset class at intake and track the restriction's condition, but the judgment call on whether a condition has been satisfied and a restriction can release sits with the org's finance lead and, ultimately, the CPA preparing the statements.
Form 990 and who signs it
Form 990 (or 990-EZ for smaller orgs, 990-N for the smallest) is filed annually with the IRS and is public record — GuideStar and the IRS's own database post it. The CPA prepares and files the return; our job is the support schedule underneath it — functional expense allocation, program-service accomplishments tied to actual grant activity, related-party and compensation disclosures pulled from books that already reconcile — so the CPA's prep starts from a clean file, not a reconstruction.
Functional expense allocation — where most 990s get built wrong
Form 990 Part IX and the audited Statement of Functional Expenses both require every expense split across program, management-and-general, and fundraising. Orgs that don't allocate as transactions happen end up guessing a single blended percentage at year-end, which understates program spending on the one document donors and watchdog sites actually read. We code the allocation at the transaction level against the org's own methodology, so Part IX reflects what actually happened, not an estimate.
The Single Audit threshold
An organization that expends $750,000 or more in federal awards in a fiscal year triggers a Single Audit under the Uniform Guidance (2 CFR 200, Subpart F) — a full audit of federal-award compliance, not just the financial statements. Whether the org has crossed that threshold, and which programs are audited as "major," is determined by the CPA firm doing the audit; we track federal-award expenditures by grant so that determination starts from a number that's already accurate.
What your CPA or enrolled agent receives from us
- A general ledger with net assets split by class (with/without donor restrictions) and each fund reconciled monthly
- Grant-coded transaction detail — every expense tagged to the award and budget line it belongs to, ready to acquit
- Grant acquittal packages built to the funder's own reporting format, with expenses tied to the approved budget
- A functional expense allocation worksheet (program / management-and-general / fundraising) coded at the transaction level
- Board treasurer packs: program-by-program P&L, budget-to-actual variance, and a plain restricted-vs-available cash summary
- An in-kind contribution log, valued at fair value with the donor's own documentation attached


